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What is Full Representation (PR)?

Full representation (also called "proportional representation," or just "PR") is the principle that any group of like-minded voters should win legislative seats in proportion to its share of the popular vote. Whereas the winner-take-all principle awards 100% of the representation to a 50.1% majority, full representation allows voters in a minority to win their fair share of representation alongside those in the majority.

There is a broad range of full representation systems. Some are based on voting for political parties; others for candidates. Some allow very small groupings of voters to win seats; others require higher thresholds of support to win representation. All promote more accurate, balanced representation of the spectrum of political opinion in a given electorate.

For a comprehensive website on full representation-- including beginning readings, in-depth articles by scholars and activists, an extensive bibliography, and a guide to related Web sites see the Full Representation Library, created by Professor Douglas J. Amy, Department  of Politics, Mount Holyoke College.

Full Representation Basics

Cumulative Voting

Choice Voting

Limited Voting

List Voting


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